Current research is to initiate and continue research describing the distribution of exotic earthworms and their impacts on ecosystem structure and function in a variety of ecosystem types of the western Great Lakes region.
Background
Ph.D. Forest ecology, University of Minnesota, College of Natural Resources, Department of Forest Resources, St. Paul, Minnesota, 2003
M.S. Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1997
B.S. Ecology-Individually Designed Program, University of Minnesota, 1988
GGS Graduate Gemologist, Diamonds, Colored Stones, and Gem Identification. The Gemological Institute of America, Santa Monica, CA. 1982
Current Publications
Hobbie SE, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Ogdahl M, Zytkowiak R, Hale CM, Karolewski P. 2007. Species effects on litter chemistry and microenvironment regulate litter decomposition an dflorest floor dynamics in a common garden experiment with fourteen tree species. Ecology 87(9):2288-2297.
Hale CM. 2007. Earthworms of the Great Lakes. First Edition:1-36.
Callaham MA, Gonzalez G, Hale CM, Heneghan L, Lachnicht SL, Zou X. 2007. Policy and management responses to earthworm invasions. Biological Invasions 7(6):1317-1329.
Tiunov AV, Hale CM, Holdsworth AR, Vsevolodova-Perel TS. 2006. Invasion patterns of Lumbricidae into the previously earthworm-free areas of northeastern Europe and the western Great Lakes region of North America . Biological Invasions 7(6):1223-1234.
Hale CM, Frelich LE, Reich PB. 2006. Changes in cold-temperate hardwood forest understory plant communities in response to invasion by European earthworms. Ecology 87(7):1637-1649.
Frelich LE, Hale CM, Scheu S, Holdsworth AR, Heneghan L, Bohlen PJ, Reich PB. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests. Biological Invasions 7(6):1235-1245.
